Pray codex

The first evidence that predates 1350 is the Pray codex.

The Pray Codex, also called Codex Pray or The Hungarian Pray Manuscript, is a collection of medieval manuscripts, dated to the late 12th to early 13th centuries. In 1813 it was named after György Pray, who discovered it in 1770. It is the first known example of continuous prose text in Hungarian. The Codex is kept in the National Széchényi Library of Budapest.

One of the most well-known documents within the Codex (f. 154a) is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer (Hungarian: Halotti beszéd és könyörgés). It is an old handwritten Hungarian text dating to 1192-1195. The importance of the Funeral Sermon comes from its being the oldest surviving Hungarian, and Uralic, text.

The Codex also features a missal, an Easter mystery play, songs with musical notation, laws from the time of Coloman of Hungary and the annals, which list the Hungarian kings.

One of the five illustrations within the Codex shows the body of Jesus being prepared for burial, and also the subsequent Resurrection of Jesus, with an angel showing the empty tomb to the Three Ladies. This illustration shows generic similarities with the Shroud of Turin: Jesus is shown entirely naked with the arms on the pelvis, as in the body image of the Shroud of Turin; the thumbs on the image appear to be retracted, with only four fingers visible on each hand, matching the detail on the Turin Shroud; the supposed fabric shows a herringbone pattern, similar to the weaving pattern of the Shroud; and the four tiny circles on the lower image, which appear to form a letter L, “perfectly reproduce four apparent “poker holes” on the Turin Shroud”, which likewise appear to form a letter L. Critics of this idea consider this item to be a rectangular tombstone as seen on other sacred images, and say that the alleged holes are just decorative elements, as seen on the angel’s wing and on various items of clothing; that the alleged shroud shows no image of a man, and that a wadded up cloth lies discarded on the tombstone.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pray_Codex

The book is 9.4″ tall by 5.9″ wide.

In a vault at the National Széchényi Library in Budapest, Hungary,
lies an old medieval collection of manuscripts from the closing years of
the 12th century, made into a book in the early 1200s. It consists of 175
parchment folios, about 24cm high and 15cm across, written on both sides
almost entirely in Latin, but is particularly celebrated for containing the
earliest piece of continuous prose in Hungarian, a funeral oration (Sermo
super Sepulchrum) and prayer.

https://www.shroud.com/pdfs/n84part4.pdf

The picture is obviously highly stylized, but it has several matching features with the TS:

– Nude body
– Hands crossed over
– Hands over pelvis
– No thumbs
– Long hair
– Long nose
– Blood mark on forehead
– Shroud
– Herringbone weave
– Blood stains symbolized by red crosses
– Pair of poker hole patterns
– Blood belt
– Facecloth

Full size scanned image is at:
http://mek.oszk.hu/12800/12855/html/hu_ … _0062.html

Since the codex is from Hungary, the TS most likely would’ve been in the vicinity of Eastern Europe around this time.

The poker holes indicate these burn holes were created before 1192.

The dating of the Pray codex is 1192-1195, so obviously this also challenges the 1988 C-14 dating of 1260-1390.