Another area of blood marks is on the head that match the accounts on the crown of thorns.
According to the New Testament, a woven crown of thorns (Greek: στέφανος ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, translit. stephanos ex akanthōn or ἀκάνθινος στέφανος, akanthinos stephanos) was placed on the head of Jesus during the events leading up to his crucifixion. It was one of the instruments of the Passion, employed by Jesus’ captors both to cause him pain and to mock his claim of authority.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_thorns
Passages mentioning the crown of thorns:
Matthew 27:29
And after twisting together a crown of thorns, they put it on His head, and a reed in His right hand; and they knelt down before Him and mocked Him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!”
Mark 15:17
They dressed Him up in purple, and after twisting a crown of thorns, they put it on Him;
John 19:2
And the soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on His head, and put a purple robe on Him;
John 19:5
Jesus then came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. Pilate *said to them, “Behold, the Man!”
Most of the depictions and relics of the crown of thorns resemble more like a Roman crown.
Here is more info on a Roman crown:
The Civic Crown (Latin: corona civica) was a military decoration during the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire, given to Romans who saved the lives of fellow citizens. It was regarded as the second highest decoration to which a citizen could aspire (the Grass Crown being held in higher regard). It took the form of a chaplet of common oak leaves woven to form a crown. It was reserved for Roman citizens who saved the lives of fellow citizens by slaying an enemy on a spot held by the enemy that same day.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Crown
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File … -_4640.jpg
Here is the crown of thorns in the Notre Dame:
The crown is considered one of Christianity’s Instruments of the Passion (otherwise known as Arma Christi) — objects associated with Jesus’s Passion in Christian symbolism and art — and was believed to have been employed by his captors to mock his claim of authority and to cause pain.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-07/ … c/11488594
Master of Osma (Spain, Castile, died N/A)
Christ with the Crown of Thorns, circa 1500
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File … Thorns.jpg
But, the crown of thorns as commonly depicted in relics and artwork is not what is depicted on the TS. This is obvious from the blood marks on the head. Instead of a nice circular tiara pattern, it is a more like a cap of thorns was placed on Jesus.
On the front portion of the forehead
are several blood prints, one of which assumes the appearance of the figure 3. This was
formed by the blood flow following the normal skin creases of the forehead. Circling the
scalp posteriorly is a row of blood prints and high on the scalp at the vertex are similar
prints. Any puncture of the scalp ordinarily produces bleeding excessively because of
retraction of torn vessels. To account for all the bloodstains on the head, one must assume
that more than a simple circlet of sharp pointed objects was used. A cap-like structure
with thorns at the center and periphery would account for the bloodstains on these
portions of the head.
https://www.shroud.com/pdfs/ssi05part3.pdf
Completing the count of the clots (fig. 6), I have come to the conclusion that at least twenty
thorns were implanted in the occipital region. And since the injuries reach the parietal-occipital area, we can suppose that the crown of
thorns was in the form of a cap. These numerical calculations give us the certainty that at least
some thirty thorns (thirteen on forehead, twenty in the occipital region) perforated the head in
front and back. Since we have no way to study injuries produced in the parietal-temple area
(because the sides of the head did not register) we can deduce that at least some fifty thorns
tortured the head of the Crucified.
https://www.shroud.com/pdfs/ssi01part5.pdf
There are over 30 small puncture wounds on the scalp and numerous blood flows on the forehead, the nape of the neck, and along the hairline. These wounds go radially around the head and reach the top of the occipital bone (the one at the base of the skull). They appear to have been made by something looking more like a cap of thorns rather than a crown of thorns because the wounds are all over the head.
https://slmedia.org/blog/deacon-structi … is-the-man
This is more likely what the crown of thorns looked like according to the TS blood stains.
https://debatingchristianity.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1116603#p1116603